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APA 7th edition - Citations: Media (Audio & Visual)

APA 7th edition

Media (Audio & Visual)

General format

Reference List 

AuthorLastname, A. A. (year, Month day). Title of entire work, singular episode, song, etc. [Format description]. Publisher. http://www.website.com/webpage

In-Text

(AuthorLastName, Year)

Note: Use the chart below to determine who the author is in an audiovisual work. 

Quick Tips

  • Only specify how you watched the film (e.g. theatre vs. DVD) if the version you watched had special features. In this case, include descriptive information in square brackets with the source type [Film; educational DVD]
  • For direct quotes, include timestamp in-text (Claude, 2017, 1.45)

Who is the Author?

List of who the author is based on media type.
Media Type Author
Film Director
TV series Executive producer(s)
TV series episode Writer and director of episode
Podcast Host or executive producer
Podcast episode Host of episode
Webinar Instructor
Classical music album or song Composer
Modern music album or song Recording artist
Artwork Artist
Online streaming video Person or group who uploaded the video
Photograph Photographer

1. TED Talk On TED Website

Reference List

Kay, S. (2011, May). How many lives can you live? [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/sarah_kay_how_many_lives_can_you_live

In-Text

(Kay, 2011)

Note: If the TED talk is from the TED talk website, list the speaker as the author.

2. TED Talk On YouTube

Reference List

TED. (2012, March 16). Listening to shame | Brené Brown [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psN1DORYYV0

In-Text

(TED, 2012)

Note: If the TED talk is on YouTube, list the account holder as the author (TED). In this case, you may introduce the speaker as part of the narrative within the body of your work. For example, Brown discussed shame (TED, 2021).

3. Film or Video

Reference List

Cohen, J., & West, B. (Directors). (2018). RBG: The exceptional life and career of Ruth Bader Ginsburg [Film]. CNN Films; Storyville Films; Participant Media.

In-Text

(Cohen & West, 2018)

Note: Multiple production companies separated by semi-colons.

4. YouTube or Streaming Video

Reference List

Kittisaurus. (2019, October 16). Cats vs invisible wall [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_IA-8nQ4FY

In-Text

(Kittisaurus, 2019)

Note: The person or group that uploaded the video is credited as the author.

5. Podcast

Reference List

Vedantam, S. (Host). (2015-present). Hidden brain [Audio podcast]. NPR. https://npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain

In-Text

(Vedantam, 2015-present)

6. Podcast Episode

Reference List

Glass, I. (Host). (2011, August 12). Amusement park (No. 443). [Audio podcast episode]. In This American life. WBEZ Chicago.

In-Text

(Kittisaurus, 2019)

Note: If no episode number, only include the title.

7. Art

Reference List

Colville, A. (1965). To Prince Edward Island [Painting]. Alex Colville Official Site. http://alexcolville.ca/gallery/alex_colville_1965_to_prince_edward_island/

In-Text

(Colville, 1965)

Note: If artwork is untitled, provide [Description in square brackets] [Format].
Note: Use this format to cite, not to reproduce artwork.

8. TV Series

Reference List

Serling, R. (Executive Producer). (1959–1964). The twilight zone [TV series]. Cayuga Productions;CBS Productions.

In-Text

(Serling, 1959-1964)

9. TV Series - Episode

Reference List

Oakley, B., (Writer), Weinstein, J. (Writer), & Lynch, J. (Director). (1995, May 21). Who shot Mr. Burns?(Part one) (Season 6, Episode 25) [TV series episode]. In D. Mirkin, J. L. Brooks, M. Groening, & S. Simon (Executive Producers), The Simpsons. Gracie Films; Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation.

In-Text

(Oakley et al., 1995)

10. Radio Broadcast

Reference List

Quinn, S. (Host). (2020, July 31). Lower Mainland students react to education plan [Radio broadcast]. In The early edition. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/listen/liveradio/1-91-the-early-edition/clip/15789967-lower-mainland-students-react-provincial-education-plan

In-Text

(Quinn, 2020)

Note: If not part of a larger program, just provide title of the story in italics and the publisher.  If no URL, omit.

11. Netflix Original

Reference List

Nixon, R., & Stevens, F. (Directors). (2014). Mission blue [Film]. Netflix. https://www.netflix.com/title/70308278?s=i&trkid=13747225

In-Text

(Nixon & Stevens, 2014)