Research Tutorial

In-text citations follow the format: 

• (Author, Year)

Direct quotations require "quotation marks" and a page, paragraph, section heading or time stamp. Review the 'In-Text Citation - Examples' chart below for more examples of in-text citations for direct quotes. 

• (Author, Year, Page)

Note: Some instructors require page numbers for all in-text citations. If unsure, check your assignment requirements or ask your instructor. 

There are two types of in-text citations.

(1) Parenthetical 

A parenthetical in-text citation comes at the end of a source's information. All information is in parentheses. If at the end of a sentence, the closing punctuation comes after the parenthesis.

• (Walsh & Kosson, 2007, p. 210).

(2) Narrative

In narrative in-text citations, the author's name is part of the sentence and is followed by the date in parentheses. If a page number is included (i.e. direct quote), this comes at the end of the paraphrase or direct quote, and before the period.

• Walsh and Kosson (2007) claim that "direct quote" (p. 212).

See the 'Examples' box for more parenthetical and narrative in-text citation examples.

This activity gives you a chance to practice writing in-text citations. 

Instructions

• Fill in the blanks by typing the correct in-text citation for each sentence.
• Each sentence is followed by the reference entry. Use the reference to figure out what information goes in each blank.
• Once you have written each in-text citation, click the Submit button to see how you did.

To see more examples of in-text citations, check the "In-Text Citations" page on the APA 7th edition - Citations guide.

When you have completed the activity, you can move on to learning about the Reference List.

Unless otherwise noted, this guide is licensed under a CC BY-SA 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License).